Deck machine
Ship deck machinery can be divided into main deck machinery and common deck machinery.
main deck machinery mainly includes: steering gear, windlass and winch, hydraulic hatch cover bow side push, crane crane.common deck machinery mainly includes mooring winch, mooring bollard, mooring roller and so on.
 
1. Steering gear system
The size of the steering gear is determined by the outfitting according to the standards of the classification society. The torque (kN/m) is mainly considered in the selection process. There are two key points of assessment in the design work:
 
1.When the main engine is in the MCR (maximum continuous stable working condition) state, the rudder Angle should be transferred from 350 on one side to 300 on the other side within 28 Sec.
2.The calculation of the rudder stock, that is, the determination of its diameter.
Steering gear (about 125kg) multi-electro-hydraulic type, that is, hydraulic equipment by electric equipment remote control operation.Product forms are divided into 2 categories:
 
A. Reciprocating plunger type steering gear (for 74000DWT bulk carrier), the principle is through the conversion of high and low pressure oil to produce linear motion, and through the tiller converted to rotary motion.
B.Rotor vane steering gear (chemical ship), the principle is high and low pressure oil directly acting on the rotor, small volume and high efficiency, but high cost.
Manufacturer: Reciprocating plunger steering gear (available domestically) mainly supplied abroad by HATLAPA, Germany, Kawasaki, Japan;Rotary vane steering engines (all imported) are mainly produced by Rolls-Royce in small size and Frydenbo in large size.
Differences between the two types of steering gear:
Reciprocating plunger type steering gear: the upper rudder bearing system, the lower rudder bearing positioning, the tiller pressure is only a few millimeters;However, the rotary vane steering gear does not need rudder bearing, and the steering gear directly bears the load. However, water tightness should be considered in the steering gear platform, and the pressure of the tiller should be tens of millimeters.Reciprocating plunger type steering gear has great size requirements.Reciprocating plunger type steering gear can deflect less than 40 degree to one side, and rotor type steering gear can reach 70 degree.
The function of hydraulic system is to convert high and low pressure to convert pressure loss into mechanical motion.Including 1. High-pressure pump group (to provide pressure oil) 2. Control and operation equipment 3. Actuators (oil motor, cylinder plunger, etc.).
 
Windlass
 
The selection parameters are as follows
1.Anchor chain diameter (54,60,78 mm, etc.) to determine windlass.Note that an important indicator is that the anchor lifting speed should not be less than 9m/min.
2.The load of the winch cable is related to the size of  the ship.
The classification of windlass includes windlass system installed on the main deck of ship fore and aft for the use of ships to lift anchor and anchor cable.
Windlass can be divided into manual, electric and hydraulic according to the driving form. According to the pressure, windlass can be divided into medium and low pressure (50-70kg for bulk carriers), medium pressure (more than 70kg) and high pressure (more than 150kg).
Windlass according to the diameter of the anchor chain can be divided into 12-- 120mm and other specifications.
Windlass can be divided into one side and two sides according to the distribution of reel.
Windlass mainly consists of base, bracket, anchor chain wheel, brake, chain wheel, gearbox, electric control system (except manual windlass), electric windlass has electric motor, hydraulic windlass has hydraulic pump station.
The main technical indexes of windlass include anchor chain diameter, nominal speed of windlass, rated load, supporting load, several stages of variable speed, electrical system and so on.
The installation of windlass on the ship should ensure that the anchor chain and sprocket Angle is 117-120 degrees.
 
3.Winch.
According to the power is divided into manual, electric, hydraulic three categories.
A stop (ratchet wheel and pawl) is mounted on the transmission mechanism of the handle rotation of the manual winch to keep the weight in the desired position.Safety handles and brakes shall also be provided for manual winches used to assemble or lift heavy objects.Manual winch is generally used in small lifting weight, poor facilities or no power supply.According to the functions of winch can be divided into: Marine winch, engineering winch, mine winch, cable winch and so on.
According to the drum form is divided into single drum and double drum.
According to the distribution of the drum is divided into parallel double drum and before and after double drum.
The main technical indexes of winch include rated load, supporting load, rope speed, rope capacity, etc.
Performance requirements:
1.Bulk carrier: constant tension device (operated by anchor winch pump under low load, provided by variable gear number), side operation to meet the single local solution.
2.Chemical tanker: brake device that requires breaking force of cable.The constant tension device should not be used to prevent the ship from shifting to break the tubing and contaminate the dock.
4.Hydraulic hatch cover editing
Hydraulic hatch cover (also known as passage way equipment)
Bulk carrier, using hydraulic system drive, working pressure 200-250kg, side roll type.The design operation needs to ensure the cleanliness of working pressure and oil.The whole system includes jacking, locking cylinder, oil motor, valve set.Refer to schematic diagram of pump pressure.Manufacturer: Masica
 
5. Crane
Crane is a kind of equipment for loading and unloading cargo on ships. It has the characteristics of large lifting capacity, easy operation, shock resistance, good braking performance, safety and reliability, high loading and unloading efficiency and good adaptability to cargo.
Hydraulic crane is a kind of loading and unloading equipment commonly used on ships. It has the characteristics of large lifting capacity, easy operation, shock resistance, good braking performance, safety and reliability, high loading and unloading efficiency and good adaptability to goods.More than 1,000 hydraulic crane of various types have been used on ships of major shipping enterprises in China, and more than 500 hydraulic crane of various types have been used on ships affiliated to CosCO (Group) Corporation.Hydraulic crane is a kind of ship cargo lifting equipment with high technical content, which is integrated with electricity, liquid and machine. In the process of use, technical management personnel with certain professional knowledge are needed to carry out daily maintenance according to the requirements.In practical work, hydraulic crane is often due to lack of due maintenance, improper operation and use, poor working environment and disrepair, resulting in high failure rate., Shanghai Maritime University and Shanghai Ocean Shipping Company formed a research group in 1997 to study the types, causes, maintenance management and problems existing in the process of maintenance of hydraulic crane, and put forward a series of measures and achieved obvious results.
Hydraulic  lifting capacity regulation work mainly from three aspects: one is organized by research experts and personnel management efficiency and hydraulic lifting capacity of management, of hydraulic lifting capacity of fault types, fault causes classified analysis, has practical value to write technical documents, for ship management personnel, and to be perfected constantly in use;The second is to improve the maintenance management level of management personnel by improving their professional knowledge, fault diagnosis ability and maintenance skills training, and actively implement proactive preventive maintenance;Thirdly, 70% of the faults of hydraulic system are related to the cleanliness of oil, and the cleanliness of hydraulic system is strictly controlled to keep it within the allowed range.
The majority of the use of cranes at the wharf, no longer need the bulk carrier to match.Basically produced by the equipment factory, its operation mode includes: local operation;A control valve set from the hatch cover;Above the hatch cover.
 
6. Bow Thruster
A variable pitch blade is used to facilitate docking without the assistance of tugboats.Usually include: motor (for bulk carrier) or oil motor (for chemical ship), variable pitch pump set, gravity pump.
According to the style can be divided into: fixed;Can rise to axial direction, carry on the style that push back and forth.There is no strict evaluation index for bow side thrusting, but the coordination between the main engine at all speeds and bow side thrusting should be recorded for easy operation.If the ferry and other ships often dock, the bow side push needs to be arranged.
7. Special equipment.
1.Cargo oil System (Chemical tanker)
2.Roll-on roll-off equipment (passenger roll-off vessel)
3.Liquefied Gas System (LPG vessel)
4.Anti-roll system, anti-roll system (train and ferry) : Two options 1 is to use a fixed water tank (container ship), pump water diversion to maintain balance, when loading better effect and ship running effect;2. The fin stabilizer is adopted, with the roll stabilizer effect up to 90%, which is better at high ship speed and in good sailing condition;The 3 is a synthetic system from INTONI, Germany, with an anti-rolling effect of 50-70%, both in loading and sailing conditions.